What events are described in the Bayeux Tapestry ?

The Bayeux Tapestry, also known as the Queen Matilda Tapestry, is a nearly 70-meter-long embroidery created in the 11th century. It illustrates the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England in 1066, a major turning point in European history.

Probably commissioned by Bishop Odon of Bayeux, half-brother of William the Conqueror, the tapestry was produced shortly after the conquest, between 1070 and 1080. Although called a tapestry, it is in fact an embroidery on linen canvas.

The tapestry is embroidered with colored woollen threads, using techniques such as stem stitch and couchure stitch, bringing detailed, narrative scenes to life.

The tapestry begins with the death of the King of England, Edward the Confessor, in January 1066. His death without a direct heir provoked a succession crisis.

Harold, Earl of Wessex, is crowned King of England, which is considered a usurpation by William of Normandy, who claims that the throne was promised to him by Edward and Harold himself.

A key scene shows Harold swearing an oath to William, promising to support his claim to the throne. This oath is later broken by Harold when he is crowned king.

William prepares a fleet and army to invade England, gathering troops and building ships.

The highlight of the tapestry is the Battle of Hastings, which took place on October 14, 1066. The embroidery shows details of the battle, military strategies and the death of Harold, often depicted with an arrow in his eye.

The tapestry ends with the victory of William, later William the Conqueror, marking the beginning of Norman rule in England.

The Bayeux tapestry is an invaluable source for historians. It provides a visual record of the events of 1066, giving an insight into the life, clothing, weapons and customs of the period.

The tapestry is considered a masterpiece of medieval art and is included in UNESCO’s “Memory of the World” register. It is preserved in the Musée de la Tapisserie in Bayeux, Normandy.

The Bayeux Tapestry is an exceptional testimony to the Norman conquest of England. Through its embroidered scenes, it tells a story of betrayal, war and dynastic change, capturing a crucial moment in European history with a richness of detail and vividness that continues to fascinate and inform to this day.